JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Visual impairment significantly impacts quality of life, particularly in autonomous pedestrian navigation. Limitations in independent navigation lead to frustration, diminished confidence, and risks to bodily integrity for visually impaired (VI) individuals. Only 1 in 10 people requiring assistive devices have access to them, with factors such as deficient product design—stemming from limited knowledge of user expectations, local needs, and environmental constraints—posing significant challenges, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).

Objective:

To apply and evaluate the Human-Centered Design (HCD) methodology, as outlined by ISO 9241-210:2019, in the creation of a context-sensitive, person-centered navigation device prototype for VI individuals.

Methods:

A prototype navigation device was developed using Human-Centered Design (HCD) principles, emphasizing a thorough analysis of user needs and environmental contexts. The project leveraged multidisciplinary collaboration to address challenges associated with user engagement and design adaptability, while simultaneously managing legal and bureaucratic constraints. The navigation system integrates artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, specifically developed by the research team as part of this work, to enhance its adaptability and responsiveness to diverse environments. The development process featured iterative prototyping cycles, incorporating user feedback at each stage, all within the boundaries of applicable regulatory frameworks.

Results:

The initial prototype demonstrated significant progress in meeting user expectations and adapting to local contexts, achieving this at a reduced cost compared to existing solutions. However, legislative and procedural barriers, including navigating ethics committees and poorly understood legal requirements, hindered direct user involvement and design adaptability. The lack of detailed guidance within the ISO 9241-210:2019 framework and challenges in multidisciplinary collaboration further constrained the process.

Conclusions:

The implementation of HCD principles in assistive technology (AT) development shows promise for creating effective and affordable solutions tailored to user needs and contexts. However, legislative and methodological barriers must be addressed to fully realize HCD's potential. Future efforts should focus on aligning research methodologies with hardware and software development practices, while integrating legislative frameworks to enhance the accessibility and effectiveness of AT innovations.