JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Misuse of Glucagon-like peptid-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) has emerged globally as individuals increasingly use these drugs for weight loss because of unrealistic and attractive body images advertised and shared on the Internet.

Objective:

This study assessed the quality of information and compliance with Japan’s medical advertising guidelines on the websites of medical institutions that prescribe GLP-1RAs off-label for weight loss.

Methods:

Websites were identified by searching Google and Yahoo! using keywords related to GLP-1RAs and weight loss in August 2024. The quality of information on these websites was assessed using DISCERN instrument. To comply with Japan's medical advertising guidelines, we evaluated whether the five mandatory items for advertisements of self-paid medical treatments involving the off-label use of drugs were stated and whether there were any exaggerated claims. The content of exaggerated advertisements was categorized into themes.

Results:

Of the 87 websites included, only one website stated all five mandatory items. Seventy-two websites (82.8 %) listed exaggerated advertisements. Among the websites with exaggerated advertisements, 60 (69.0%) suggested that “no exercise or dietary therapy was required.” The mean total DISCERN score for all 87 websites was 32.6, indicating low quality. Only one website achieved a "good" rating, while the majority were rated as "poor" or "very poor."

Conclusions:

This study found that the quality of information provided by the websites of medical institutions prescribing GLP-1RAs off-label for weight loss was very low and that many websites violated Japan's medical advertising guidelines. The prevalence of exaggerated advertisements, which may lead consumers to believe that they can lose weight without dietary or exercise therapy, suggests the risk of GLP-1RAs misuse among consumers. Public institutions and healthcare providers are required to monitor and regulate advertisements that violate guidelines and provide accurate information regarding GLP-1RAs, obesity, and weight loss.