JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly being applied in various healthcare services due to its enhanced efficiency and accuracy. As the population ages, AI-based health technologies could be a potent tool in elderly healthcare to address growing, complex, and challenging health needs. This study aims to investigate the perspectives and acceptability to older adults of the use of AI-led health technologies, and the potential challenges that they face in adopting them. The findings from this inquiry could provide valuable insights into factors that could impede or facilitate the utilization of AI-led technologies among the older population, informing the designing of more acceptable and user-friendly AI-based health technologies.

Objective:

The objectives of the study were 1) to investigate the attitudes and perceptions of older adults towards the use of AI-based health technologies, 2) to identify potential facilitators, barriers, and challenges influencing older adults’ preferences toward AI-based health technologies, and 3) to inform strategies that can promote and facilitate the use of AI-based health technologies among older adults.

Methods:

This study adopted a qualitative descriptive design. A total of 27 community-dwelling older adults were recruited from a local community center. Three sessions of semi-structured interviews were conducted, each lasting 1 hour. The sessions covered five key areas: i) general impressions of AI-based health technologies, ii) previous experiences with AI-based health technologies, iii) perceptions and attitudes toward AI-based health technologies, iv) anticipated difficulties in using AI-based health technologies and underlying reasons, and v) willingness, preferences, and motivations for accepting AI-based health technologies. Thematic analysis was applied for data analysis. The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and the COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior) behavior change wheel were integrated into the analysis. Identified theoretical domains were mapped directly to the COM-B model to determine corresponding strategies for enhancing the acceptability of AI-based health technologies among older adults.

Results:

The analysis identified nine of the 14 TDF domains: knowledge, skills, social influences, environmental context and resources, beliefs about capabilities, beliefs about consequences, intentions, goals, and emotion. These domains were mapped to six components of the COM-B model. While most participants acknowledged the potential benefits of AI-based health technologies, they emphasized the irreplaceable role of human expertise and interaction. Participants expressed concerns about the usability of AI technologies, highlighting the need for user-friendly and tailored AI solutions. Privacy concerns and the importance of robust security measures were also emphasized as critical factors affecting their willingness to adopt AI-based health technologies.

Conclusions:

To enhance the acceptability of AI-based health technologies among older adults, it is crucial to develop solutions that are user-friendly and tailored to the specific needs of this population. Addressing privacy concerns and ensuring robust security measures are essential to building trust in AI technologies. Moreover, integrating AI as a supportive tool alongside healthcare providers, rather than regarding it as a replacement, was highlighted as a key strategy for promoting acceptance. Government support and clear guidelines are needed to promote ethical AI implementation in healthcare. Ultimately, these measures can improve health outcomes in the older adult population by encouraging the adoption of AI-driven health technologies.