JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

The utility of aging metrics that incorporate cognitive and physical function is not fully understood.

Objective:

We aim to compare the predictive capacities of three distinct aging metrics - motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR), physio-cognitive decline syndrome (PCDS), and cognitive frailty (CF) - for incident dementia and all-cause mortality among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods:

We utilized longitudinal data from Waves 10 - 15 of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was employed to evaluate the effects of MCR, PCDS, and CF on incident all-cause dementia and mortality, controlling for socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, as well as medical comorbidities. Discrimination analysis was conducted to assess and compare the predictive accuracy of the three aging metrics.

Results:

All three metrics were predictive of incident all-cause dementia and mortality when adjusting for multiple confounders, with variations in the strength of their associations (incident dementia: MCR, odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] 1.90 [1.30–2.78]; CF, 5.06 [2.87–8.92]; PCDS, 3.35 [2.44–4.58]; mortality: MCR, 1.60 [1.17–2.19]; CF, 3.26 [1.99–5.33]; PCDS, 1.58 [1.17–2.13]). The C-index indicated that PCDS and MCR had the highest discriminatory accuracy for all-cause dementia and mortality, respectively.

Conclusions:

Despite the inherent differences among the aging metrics that integrate cognitive and physical functions, they consistently identified risks of dementia and mortality. This underscores the importance of implementing targeted preventive strategies and intervention programs based on these metrics to enhance the overall quality of life and reduce premature deaths in aging populations.