JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Depression is a widespread mental health issue affecting older people globally, with substantial implications for their well-being. Although digital interventions have proven effective in developed countries, research on the potential of internet usage to alleviate depression among older people in developing countries remains limited.

Objective:

This study aims to examine the impact of internet usage on depression among older people in developing countries by developing a comprehensive theoretical framework and testing key hypotheses.

Methods:

Utilizing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a two-stage instrumental variable approach was applied to address endogeneity and estimate causal relationships between internet usage and depression.

Results:

The findings indicate that internet usage results in a 1.41% reduction in depression levels among older people. This effect is mediated by four primary mechanisms: enhanced social interaction, increased physical activity, improved intergenerational contact, and expanded access to educational opportunities. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that these effects are more pronounced in urban areas, eastern regions, and regions with superior internet infrastructure.

Conclusions:

Internet usage plays a crucial role in alleviating depression among older people in developing countries, with regional variations. The findings highlight the need for targeted policy interventions to improve internet access and digital literacy, which can mitigate depression and enhance the mental health of older people.