JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) are ligands designed for selective anabolic effects on muscle and bone. Despite their original therapeutic intent, SARMs remain unapproved by the FDA and are associated with various toxicities. In recent years, their abuse has increased, particularly among youth targeted through social media.

Objective:

This study examines adverse symptoms and laboratory data from self-reported social media posts.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective analysis of public posts on Reddit's SARMs subforums from March 2015 to November 2023. Using Python-based scripts, we extracted posts containing relevant keywords. Data was categorized based on users' self-reported stages of SARMs use. Demographic information, specific SARMs used, concomitant medications, symptoms, and laboratory values were collected.

Results:

Of 5,249 extracted posts, 3,877 were included in the analysis. Significant changes in various laboratory parameters were observed across different stages of SARMs use. 17.5% of users reported using Tamoxifen or Enclomiphene, while 7.8% used hepatoprotective supplements.

Conclusions:

The study reveals an alarming increase in SARMs marketing on social media, targeting young adults despite being illegal to sell for human consumption. Many users experienced serious adverse effects, including liver toxicity and hormonal imbalances. Many individuals also self-treated without medical supervision. While the use of self-reported data may affect representativeness, our findings highlight the urgent need for increased awareness and regulation to address the growing public health crisis posed by SARMs abuse. Further research is crucial to uncover the full spectrum of adverse effects, especially in young users vulnerable to misinformation.