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Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting

Date Submitted: Jul 18, 2024
Date Accepted: Oct 11, 2024

The final, peer-reviewed published version of this preprint can be found here:

High-Resolution Eye-Tracking System for Accurate Measurement of Short-Latency Ocular Following Responses: Development and Observational Study

Miladinovic A, Quaia C, Kresevic S, Ajčević M, Diplotti L, Michieletto P, Accardo A, Pensiero S

High-Resolution Eye-Tracking System for Accurate Measurement of Short-Latency Ocular Following Responses: Development and Observational Study

JMIR Pediatr Parent 2024;7:e64353

DOI: 10.2196/64353

PMID: 39651999

PMCID: 11648338

Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.

High-Resolution Eye-Tracking System for Accurate Measurement of Short-Latency Ocular Following Responses

  • Aleksandar Miladinovic; 
  • Christian Quaia; 
  • Simone Kresevic; 
  • Miloš Ajčević; 
  • Laura Diplotti; 
  • Paola Michieletto; 
  • Agostino Accardo; 
  • Stefano Pensiero

ABSTRACT

Background:

Ocular following responses (OFRs), small amplitude short-latency reflexive eye movements, have been used to study visual motion processing, with potential diagnostic applications. However, they are difficult to record with commercial video-based eye trackers, especially in children.

Objective:

We aimed to design and develop an eye tracker specialized for measuring OFRs, trading off lower temporal resolution and a smaller range for higher spatial resolution.

Methods:

We developed a high-resolution eye and head tracking system based on a high-resolution camera operating in the near-infrared spectral range, coupled with infrared illuminators and a dedicated post-processing pipeline, optimized to measure OFRs in children. To assess performance, we: (1) evaluated our head-tracking algorithm's resolution in artificial and real-use settings, (2) compared OFRs measured simultaneously with our system and a scleral search coil in an experienced adult, and (3) tested the system's ability to measure OFRs in a clinical setting in children.

Results:

Using artificial and in-vivo calibration techniques we found that our system has an in-vivo resolution of approximately 0.06°, which is sufficient for recording OFRs. Our system successfully measured OFRs in 16 children in short recording sessions lasting less than 5 minutes. Robust OFR responses were detected in all 16 subjects using the system presented.

Conclusions:

Our system effectively addresses the limits of other OFR measurement methods and offers a versatile solution suitable for clinical applications, particularly in children where eye-tracking is more challenging.


 Citation

Please cite as:

Miladinovic A, Quaia C, Kresevic S, Ajčević M, Diplotti L, Michieletto P, Accardo A, Pensiero S

High-Resolution Eye-Tracking System for Accurate Measurement of Short-Latency Ocular Following Responses: Development and Observational Study

JMIR Pediatr Parent 2024;7:e64353

DOI: 10.2196/64353

PMID: 39651999

PMCID: 11648338

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