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Accepted for/Published in: Journal of Medical Internet Research

Date Submitted: Jun 26, 2024
Date Accepted: Dec 5, 2024

The final, peer-reviewed published version of this preprint can be found here:

Health and Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Children and Young People: Analysis of Free-Text Responses From the Children and Young People With Long COVID Study

Rojas NK, Martin S, Cortina-Borja M, Shafran R, Fox-Smith L, Stephenson T, Ching BCF, d'Oelsnitz A, Norris T, Xu Y, McOwat K, Dalrymple E, Heyman I, Ford T, Chalder T, Simmons R, CLoCk Consortium , Pinto Pereira SM

Health and Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Children and Young People: Analysis of Free-Text Responses From the Children and Young People With Long COVID Study

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e63634

DOI: 10.2196/63634

PMID: 39874576

PMCID: 11815313

Health and Experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic amongst Children and Young People: An analysis of free text responses from the CLoCk study

  • Natalia Katerina Rojas; 
  • Sam Martin; 
  • Mario Cortina-Borja; 
  • Roz Shafran; 
  • Lana Fox-Smith; 
  • Terence Stephenson; 
  • Brian C. F. Ching; 
  • Anaïs d'Oelsnitz; 
  • Tom Norris; 
  • Yue Xu; 
  • Kelsey McOwat; 
  • Emma Dalrymple; 
  • Isobel Heyman; 
  • Tamsin Ford; 
  • Trudie Chalder; 
  • Ruth Simmons; 
  • CLoCk Consortium; 
  • Snehal M Pinto Pereira

ABSTRACT

Background:

Literature is equivocal as to whether the predicted mental health ‘tsunami’ as consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic came to fruition. Some quantitative studies report increased loneliness, emotional problems, and depression. Others report improved mental health and wellbeing including sleep hygiene and fewer externalising and internalising problems. Qualitative explorations reveal heterogeneity with themes ranging from feelings of loss to growth and development.

Objective:

Analyse free text responses from children and young people (CYP) participating in the CLoCk study to get a clearer understanding of how young people were feeling during the pandemic.

Methods:

8,224 free text responses from CYP participating in the CLoCk study were analysed using InfraNodus to determine the most influential topics. A random subsample of 411 responses underwent a manual sentiment analysis which was then reweighted to the general population of CYP in England.

Results:

Experiences fell into six main topical clusters related to School and Exam Stress, Wellbeing (Mental Health; Emotional Impact of Pandemic), Social and Family Support, and Physical health (including COVID symptoms). There was substantial overlap between the topical clusters, for example, Exam Stress and School could be collapsed into one. Sentiment analysis showed the majority of statements were largely negative (76.40%) with a small proportion (13.87%) classed as positive. Those with negative sentiment were mostly female; those with positive sentiment were mostly older. Reweighting to the general population of CYP in England had little impact on findings.

Conclusions:

The study used an innovative AI methodology to analyse free text responses of a large sample of CYP during the pandemic. The majority of young people’s responses were negative in nature, and many reported experiencing distress across a range of domains relating to school, social situations and mental health. This analysis adds to the literature highlighting the importance of specific considerations for young people when responding to national emergencies.


 Citation

Please cite as:

Rojas NK, Martin S, Cortina-Borja M, Shafran R, Fox-Smith L, Stephenson T, Ching BCF, d'Oelsnitz A, Norris T, Xu Y, McOwat K, Dalrymple E, Heyman I, Ford T, Chalder T, Simmons R, CLoCk Consortium , Pinto Pereira SM

Health and Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Children and Young People: Analysis of Free-Text Responses From the Children and Young People With Long COVID Study

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e63634

DOI: 10.2196/63634

PMID: 39874576

PMCID: 11815313

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© The authors. All rights reserved. This is a privileged document currently under peer-review/community review (or an accepted/rejected manuscript). Authors have provided JMIR Publications with an exclusive license to publish this preprint on it's website for review and ahead-of-print citation purposes only. While the final peer-reviewed paper may be licensed under a cc-by license on publication, at this stage authors and publisher expressively prohibit redistribution of this draft paper other than for review purposes.