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Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Public Health and Surveillance

Date Submitted: May 29, 2024
Date Accepted: Jul 14, 2025

The final, peer-reviewed published version of this preprint can be found here:

Development of a Conceptual Framework of Health Misinformation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review of Reviews

Alvarez-Galvez J, Carretero-Bravo J, Lagares-Franco C, Ramos-Fiol B, Ortega-Martin E

Development of a Conceptual Framework of Health Misinformation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review of Reviews

JMIR Public Health Surveill 2025;11:e62693

DOI: 10.2196/62693

PMID: 41269748

PMCID: 12680940

Development of a conceptual framework of health misinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review of reviews

  • Javier Alvarez-Galvez; 
  • Jesus Carretero-Bravo; 
  • Carolina Lagares-Franco; 
  • BegoƱa Ramos-Fiol; 
  • Esther Ortega-Martin

ABSTRACT

Background:

Despite the wide variety of studies that have focused on the recent COVID-19 infodemic, defining health mis/disinformation remains a challenge due to the dynamic nature of the social media ecosystem and, in particular, the different terminologies from different fields of knowledge.

Objective:

In this work, we aim to develop a conceptual framework of health misinformation during pandemic contexts that will enable the establishment of an interoperable definition of this concept and consequently a better management of these problems in the future.

Methods:

We conducted a scoping review of reviews to develop a conceptual framework for health misinformation during the pandemic context.

Results:

This review comprises 51 reviews from which we identified and characterized the sources (human vs artificial), drivers, contents, (mis)information channels, audiences, and specific effects of mis/disinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions:

Our results highlight the complexity and multifaceted nature of health disinformation and underscore the need for a common language across disciplines addressing this global problem in order to employ interoperable definitions and advance this evolving field of study.


 Citation

Please cite as:

Alvarez-Galvez J, Carretero-Bravo J, Lagares-Franco C, Ramos-Fiol B, Ortega-Martin E

Development of a Conceptual Framework of Health Misinformation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review of Reviews

JMIR Public Health Surveill 2025;11:e62693

DOI: 10.2196/62693

PMID: 41269748

PMCID: 12680940

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