JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

In the past two decades, melanoma incidence among Hispanics has risen by 20%. The mortality rate of Hispanics is higher than for non-Hispanic whites. Skin cancer can largely be prevented with regular sun protection, and early detection by skin self-examination can improve skin cancer outcomes.

Objective:

This study aimed to conduct both group and individual interviews among Hispanics and key stakeholders to explore the potential design of a mobile-based skin cancer prevention intervention for Hispanics.

Methods:

This study used a qualitative design to conduct 1) five focus groups with Hispanics at risk for skin cancer and 2) 15 individual interviews with key stakeholders including health care providers and community leaders. Zoom interviews were conducted to examine whether Hispanics would be interested in a mobile-based skin cancer intervention, and explored their preferences and suggestions to inform skin cancer prevention intervention design.

Results:

Main themes and subthemes emerging from the group discussions and individual interviews were organized into the following categories: intervention platform, delivery frequency and format, message design, and engagement plan and activities. WhatsApp and Facebook were identified as suitable platforms for the intervention. Messages including short videos, visuals (e.g., images and photos), and simple texts messages were deemed to be effective. Recommendations for message design included personalized messages, personal stories/narratives, culturally relevant design, and community-trusted sources. Potential engagement and retention recommendations were also discussed. Details and exemplar quotes of each theme and subtheme are described.

Conclusions:

This study provides important insights and directions for the design of a mobile digital skin cancer intervention to modify Hispanics’ sun protection and skin self-examination behaviors to help improve skin cancer outcomes.