JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

The global population of older adults is on the rise. As people age, their physical functions gradually decline, leading to a decrease in the overall functioning of different organ systems. Due to these changes, older individuals are at a higher risk of encountering various adverse health outcomes and complications, such as malnutrition.

Objective:

This study aims to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition and its associated factors among the elderly population dwelling in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. We have analyzed these factors separately for both men and women to understand any potential gender differences.

Methods:

A non-randomized, cross-sectional study was conducted for the elderly population aged more than or equal to 60 years in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. Personal information were obtained by a closed-questionnaire. The Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form was used to determine the malnutrition status of elderly people. Consequently, the individuals were divided into two groups: normal and malnourished. To assess the risk factors related to malnutrition, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were determined using a binary logistic regression.

Results:

The prevalence of malnutrition in males and females was around 7% and 5%, respectively. Potential risk factors related to malnutrition in males were higher age (OR=1.263, 95% CI=1.086-1.468, p=0.002), being widowed (OR=8.392, 95% CI 1.002-70.258, p=0.049), and having dental problems (OR=9.408,95% CI=1.863-47.514, p=0.007). On the other hand, risk factors associated with malnutrition in females were lower BMI (OR=0.843, 95% CI=2.605-125.626, p=0.003), and being disabled (OR=18.089, 95% CI 0.747-0.952, p=0.006).

Conclusions:

According to this study, the prevalence of malnutrition among elderly individuals in the Western region of Saudi Arabia is considered low. However, it is more prevalent in males than females. The risk of malnutrition in elderly males increases with older age, become widowed, and develop dental problems. Elderly women with a lower body mass index and disability are also at a higher risk of malnutrition. These findings are crucial in guiding the creation of specific interventions that target the issue of malnutrition among older individuals.