JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Sexual pain is a common but neglected disorder that affects approximately 3 to 18% of women and an unmeasured number of gender diverse peoples across the globe. Despite its wide prevalence, many people feel reluctant to visit conventional healthcare services or disclose their symptoms due to the fear of stigmatization. To alleviate this stigma, various web-based interventions have been developed to complement, and in some cases replace conventional sexual health interventions. However, the way these web-based interventions are developed could inadvertently (re)produce, perpetuate or exacerbate stigma among end-user patients.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to understand patients’ perspectives on how sexual pain-related web platforms can be designed to alleviate stigma or prevent the unintended effects of stigma among patients who use web-based interventions.

Methods:

Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted among 16 participants with lived experiences of painful sex in a large urban city in Western Canada. Participants were recruited via social media platforms, newsletters, and a provincial health volunteer website. Using a sample sexual pain website to provide context, participants were interviewed about their experiences of stigma and how they think web platforms could be designed to address stigma. The interviews were conducted via Zoom and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results:

The findings revealed four overarching themes that represented participants’ perspectives on designing web platforms that may alleviate or prevent the unintended effects of stigma. These findings suggested the design of inclusive web platforms, having a non-provocative and calming user interface, having features that facilitate connections among users and between users and providers, and displaying personal testimonials and experiences of sexual pain.

Conclusions:

This study highlighted patient-centred design approaches that could serve as a reference guide in developing web platforms that alleviate or prevent the unintended effects of stigma, particularly among non-heterosexual and gender-diverse people. While this study was conducted in the context of sexual pain, the results might also apply to web platforms on other potentially stigmatizing health-related disorders/conditions.