JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

The past decade saw remarkable advances in cancer care, treatment and outcomes, but the benefits were not experienced equally by all. Disparities are largely driven by social determinants of health and associated structural barriers. Specialist cancer nurses can ameliorate inequity of opportunity for optimal care, treatment and outcomes through timely screening, assessment and intervention. We designed a nursing complexity checklist (the Checklist) to support these activities, with the ultimate goal of reducing disparities in opportunity of access for people diagnosed with cancer. The aim of this study is to understand the clinical utility of the Checklist including issues affecting adoption into routine practice.

Objective:

Primary objectives are to assess the appropriateness, acceptability, and practicability of the Checklist from the perspective of cancer patients and specialist nurses; core aspects of each dimension were selected from Smart’s multi-dimensional model of clinical utility. Secondary objectives focus on two aspects of the practicability dimension including a preliminary investigation of the predictive value of the Checklist and concordance between specific checklist items and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Methods:

Up to sixty newly diagnosed cancer patients and ten specialist nurses will be recruited from a specialist cancer centre into this prospective mixed-methods case-series study. The Checklist will be completed by a specialist nurse with patient participants. Within two weeks of Checklist completion, patients will complete five PROMs with established psychometric properties that correspond to specific checklist items and a semi-structured interview to explore its acceptability. Interviews with specialist nurses will occur 12 and 24 weeks after they first complete a checklist to explore multiple aspects of clinical utility including barriers and facilitators to effective implementation. Data regarding planned and unplanned service-use will be collected from patient follow-up interviews at 12 weeks and the electronic medical record (EMR) at 24 weeks after Checklist completion. Operational, checklist and EMR data will be summarised using descriptive statistics. Predictive value of the checklist will be explored using contingency tables and conditional probabilities. The relationship between specific checklist items and relevant PROMs will be explored using descriptive statistics, Cohen’s d/U3 and plots. Qualitative data will be analysed using a content analysis approach.

Results:

This study was approved by the institution’s ethics committee. The enrolment period commenced May 2022 and ended November 2022. Thirty-seven cancer patients and seven specialist cancer nurses were recruited in this time. Data collection is scheduled for completion at the end of May 2023.

Conclusions:

This prospective mixed-methods case series study will evaluate the clinical utility of a nursing checklist. It will also provide preliminary evidence on its predictive value and information to support seamless implementation into everyday practice including, but not limited to, possible revisions to the Checklist, instructions and training for relevant personnel.