JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Polio is on the verge of eradication, while Afghanistan and Pakistan are the only endemic countries remaining where polio is still prevalent. Surveillance for Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) is one of the four cornerstone strategies of the Polio Eradication Initiative.

Objective:

This study aims to describe the epidemiology of AFP cases in terms of time, place and person.

Methods:

It is a descriptive study whereby we analyzed the secondary data reported by AFP surveillance in Afghanistan. We accessed and used line-lists from 2015-2018 to describe the epidemiological status of AFP cases in the country. With the use of Epi Info 7 and Microsoft Excel, we calculated descriptive measures including frequencies, mean, median, standard deviation, generated proportions, tables, and graphs.

Results:

Overall 11513 cases were reported in the last four years (2015-2018) by AFP surveillance, ministry of public health. Majority of the cases (29%) were reported in 2018 while 2088 (18%) cases were reported in 2015. The trend of OPV vaccination has increased from 2015 to 2018 (57%, 64%, 63% and 68%) respectively. Most of the cases were reported from southern and western regions,57% of which was comprised of male cases. The highest (38%) proportions of cases were less than 30 months’ age. Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) was 38% of all categories. The samples were collected using appropriate procedures. However, the numbers of confirmed cases were increased from 13 in 2016 to 14 in 2017, 20 in 2018 and 22 in 2019.

Conclusions:

The AFP surveillance system is well-established in the country. Nevertheless, with the increase in the trend of OPV coverage there is also increase in number of confirmed polio cases. Hence, the system should be sustained and strategies should be strengthened to focus on southern region as being the main engine of polio in the country.