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Accepted for/Published in: Journal of Medical Internet Research

Date Submitted: Apr 27, 2021
Date Accepted: Nov 21, 2021
Date Submitted to PubMed: Jan 4, 2022

The final, peer-reviewed published version of this preprint can be found here:

An Artificial Intelligence Chatbot for Young People’s Sexual and Reproductive Health in India (SnehAI): Instrumental Case Study

Wang H, Gupta S, Singhal A, Muttreja P, Singh S, Sharma P, Piterova A

An Artificial Intelligence Chatbot for Young People’s Sexual and Reproductive Health in India (SnehAI): Instrumental Case Study

J Med Internet Res 2022;24(1):e29969

DOI: 10.2196/29969

PMID: 34982034

PMCID: 8764609

The Affordances of SnehAI, an Artificial Intelligence Chatbot for Young People’s Sexual and Reproductive Health in India

  • Hua Wang; 
  • Sneha Gupta; 
  • Arvind Singhal; 
  • Poonam Muttreja; 
  • Sanghamitra Singh; 
  • Poorva Sharma; 
  • Alice Piterova

ABSTRACT

Background:

Leveraging AI-driven applications for health education can help in the accomplishment of several UN Sustainable Development Goals. SnehAI, developed by Population Foundation of India, is the first Hinglish (Hindi+English) AI chatbot deliberately designed for social and behavior change in India. It provides a private, non-judgmental, and safe space to spur conversations about taboo topics (such as safe sex and family planning) and offers accurate, relatable, and trustworthy information and resources.

Objective:

This study aimed to use Gibson’s theory of affordances to examine SnehAI and offer scholarly guidance on how AI chatbots can be used to educate adolescents and young adults, promote sexual and reproductive health, and advocate for the health entitlements of women and girls in India.

Methods:

We adopted an instrumental mixed-methods case study approach that allowed us to explore SnehAI from the perspectives of technology design, program implementation, and user engagement. We also employed a mix of qualitative insights and quantitative analytics data to triangulate our findings.

Results:

SnehAI demonstrates strong evidence across 15 functional affordances: accessibility, multimodality, non-linearity, compellability, queriosity, editability, visibility, interactivity, customizability, trackability, scalability, glocalizability, inclusivity, connectivity, and actionability. SnehAI also effectively engaged its users, especially young men, with 8.2 million messages exchanged across a 5-month period. Almost half of the incoming user messages were texts of deeply personal questions and concerns about sexual and reproductive health as well as allied topics. Overall, SnehAI successfully presented itself as a trusted friend and mentor; the curated content was both entertaining and educational; and the natural language processing system worked effectively to personalize the chatbot response and optimize user experience.

Conclusions:

SnehAI represents an innovative, engaging, and educational intervention that enabled vulnerable and hard-to-reach population groups to talk and learn about sensitive and important issues. SnehAI is a powerful testimonial of the vital potentiality that lies in AI technologies for social good.


 Citation

Please cite as:

Wang H, Gupta S, Singhal A, Muttreja P, Singh S, Sharma P, Piterova A

An Artificial Intelligence Chatbot for Young People’s Sexual and Reproductive Health in India (SnehAI): Instrumental Case Study

J Med Internet Res 2022;24(1):e29969

DOI: 10.2196/29969

PMID: 34982034

PMCID: 8764609

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