Accepted for/Published in: Journal of Medical Internet Research
Date Submitted: Apr 2, 2021
Date Accepted: Jul 12, 2021
Date Submitted to PubMed: Aug 3, 2021
Health belief model perspective on the control of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and the promotion of vaccination: a web-based cross-sectional
ABSTRACT
Background:
The control of vaccine hesitancy and the promotion of vaccination are key protective measures against COVID-19.
Objective:
This study assesses the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy and the vaccination rate and examines the association between factors of the health belief model and vaccination.
Methods:
A convenience sample of 2,531 valid participants from 31 provinces and autonomous regions of mainland China were enrolled in this online survey study from January 1st to 24th, 2021. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the associations of the vaccination rate and health belief model factors with the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy after other covariates were controlled.
Results:
The prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was 44.3% (95% CI: 42.3%-46.2%), and the vaccination rate was 10.4% (9.2%-11.6%). The direct promoting factors of vaccination were a lack of vaccine hesitancy (OR=7.75, 95% CI: 5.03-11.93), agreement with recommendations from friends/family for vaccination (OR=3.11, 95% CI: 1.75-5.52) and agreement with the vaccination of friends/family (OR=4.88, 95% CI: 3.41-6.99). The factor associated with a lower vaccination rate was a high level of perceived barriers to COVID-19 vaccination (OR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.35-0.75). Furthermore, high perceived barriers to vaccination (OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.36-1.95), high perceived benefits of vaccination (OR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.32-0.79), high self-efficacy for vaccination (OR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.32-0.79) and agreement with recommendations from authorities (OR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.57-0.98) were associated with vaccine hesitancy and were indirectly correlated with vaccination.
Conclusions:
It may be beneficial to increase the vaccination rate by reducing vaccine hesitancy and perceived barriers to vaccination and encouraging volunteers to advocate vaccination to their friends and family members. It is also important to reduce vaccine hesitancy by enhancing self-efficacy for vaccination and the perceived benefits of the COVID-19 vaccine.
Citation
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