Accepted for/Published in: Journal of Medical Internet Research
Date Submitted: Nov 3, 2020
Date Accepted: May 13, 2021
Date Submitted to PubMed: Nov 29, 2021
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Electrophysiological brain changes associated with cognitive improvement in pediatric ADHD. A randomized, controlled, proof of concept study of a digital AI-driven neuropsychological treatment.
ABSTRACT
Background:
Cognitive stimulation therapy appears to show promising results in the rehabilitation of impaired cognitive processes in ADHD.
Objective:
Encouraged by this evidence, and the ever-increasing use of technology and artificial intelligence for therapeutic purposes, we have studied whether cognitive stimulation therapy implemented on a mobile device and controlled by an artificial intelligence engine can be effective in the neurocognitive rehabilitation of these patients.
Methods:
In this randomized study, 29 child-adolescent subjects (25 males) underwent training with a smart, digital, cognitive stimulation program (KAD_SCL_01®) or with three commercial video games for 12 weeks, 3 days a week, 15 minutes a day. Participants completed a neuropsychological assessment and a pre-intervention and post-intervention magnetoencephalography study in resting state with their eyes closed. In addition, information on clinical symptoms was collected from the child's legal guardians.
Results:
In line with our main hypothesis, we found evidence that smart, digital, cognitive treatment results in improvements in inhibitory control performance. Improvements were also found in visuospatial working memory performance and in the Cognitive flexibility, Working Memory, Behavior and General Executive Functioning behavioural/clinical indexes in this group of subjects. Lastly, the improvements found in inhibitory control were related to increases in alpha-band power in posterior regions and in the default mode network in all subjects. However, only the subjects who underwent cognitive stimulation intervention (KAD_SCL_01®) significantly increased this relationship.
Conclusions:
The results seem to indicate that smart, digital, treatment can be effective in the process of neurocognitive and neurofunctional rehabilitation in patients with ADHD. Clinical Trial: Trial registration: ISRCTN71041318.
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