JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) is a highly distressing yet poorly understood condition characterized by persistent genitopelvic sensations, often described as “genital arousal”, which occur in the absence of sexual desire. PGAD is associated with significant impairment in psychosocial and daily functioning; however, there are currently no empirically validated treatment algorithms for PGAD. Pelvic floor physical therapy exercises have been found to be effective at reducing other forms of genitopelvic discomfort, such as vulvodynia, and may also be beneficial to those experiencing PGAD. Many individuals with PGAD report difficulty finding a healthcare provider who is knowledgeable about PGAD; therefore, pelvic floor education and exercises in an online format may have to potential to reach more individuals in need.

Objective:

This study aimed to examine the feasibility of an online pelvic floor group education program; descriptively assess outcomes related to distress, discomfort, catastrophizing, and mood; and obtain feedback from participants in order to inform the development of improved online group programs.

Methods:

Fourteen women with current symptoms of PGAD attended an online, 8-session pelvic floor group education program. Participants completed questionnaires of symptoms (i.e., symptom distress, discomfort) and psychosocial wellbeing (i.e., depression, anxiety, symptom catastrophizing) prior to the group sessions (Time 1), immediately after the group sessions (Time 2), and 6-months following the group (Time 3). Participants also completed an anonymous feedback questionnaire immediately following the group program.

Results:

Overall, participants who attended a larger number of the group sessions (> 5 sessions, n = 7) appeared to report lower baseline (Time 1) symptoms and psychosocial impairment than those who attended fewer sessions (< 5 sessions, n = 7). A pattern of small improvements was seen following the group sessions on symptom and psychosocial outcomes. In the feedback questionnaire, breathing and relaxation exercises were described to be the most helpful home practice exercises, and participants rated sessions on (1) the relationship between emotions and PGAD symptoms and (2) relaxation exercises to be the most helpful. A number of barriers to participation in the group program were also identified, including comorbid health concerns and lack of personal time to complete the program/exercises.

Conclusions:

Online interventions provide an opportunity to reach international participants who may otherwise struggle to access a knowledgeable provider for their PGAD symptoms. Addressing barriers may help to increase participant’s abilities to engage in the program. Future programs may seek to integrate a greater focus on relaxation strategies and cognitive-affective strategies for managing PGAD symptoms.