Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Formative Research
Date Submitted: May 7, 2026
Date Accepted: Sep 28, 2026
Artificial Intelligence Use Among Healthcare Professionals in the United States and United Kingdom: A Cross-National Survey
ABSTRACT
Background:
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly entering clinical work, but evidence remains limited on how health care professionals (HCPs) use AI in routine practice and whether use occurs within sanctioned systems or outside institutional governance.
Objective:
We surveyed 524 healthcare professionals (HCPs) in the United States and United Kingdom to examine workplace generative AI use, access, and barriers in two high-maturity health settings.
Methods:
We surveyed 524 healthcare professionals (HCPs) in the United States and United Kingdom to examine workplace generative AI use, access, and barriers in two high-maturity health settings.
Results:
Overall, 75.8% of HCPs reported recent AI use, mainly for documentation, literature search, and clinical decision support. Usage breadth was similar by country, but role differences were pronounced. Physicians reported broader use and were significantly more likely to access AI via personal, non-employer-provided tools (60.4% vs. 31.0% for nurses; P<.01). Personal tools were the most common access mode overall (40.1%).
Conclusions:
AI use is common, but institutional access lags adoption. Shifting use from personal accounts toward governed, approved systems is a key priority.
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