Previously submitted to: JMIR Formative Research (no longer under consideration since Aug 08, 2018)
Date Submitted: Nov 27, 2017
Open Peer Review Period: Nov 28, 2017 - Aug 8, 2018
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The prevention of musculoskeletal injuries in field hockey: the systematic development of an intervention and its feasibility
Background:
Field hockey is associated with a risk for musculoskeletal injuries, especially in the lower extremities. At present time, no measures focussing on the prevention of lower extremity injuries exist in the Netherlands. Consequently, a scientific research project has been initiated in the Netherlands aimed at developing and implementing an evidence-based intervention to prevent the occurrence of lower extremity injuries among young and adult recreational field hockey players.
Objective:
This article describes: (i) the systematic development of the intervention; and (ii) the assessment of its feasibility in terms of relevancy, suitability, satisfaction and usability.
Methods:
The intervention was developed according to the first four steps of the Intervention Mapping and Knowledge Transfer Scheme processes, namely: needs assessment; objective and target groups; content selection; development. Subsequently, a quasi-experimental research (one-group post-test design) was conducted among 35 young field hockey players and seven coaches. Participants were asked to use the intervention for three weeks and the degrees of relevancy, suitability, satisfaction and usability of the intervention were assessed by means of a questionnaire and a group interview.
Results:
First, the needs assessment conducted among the main actors within recreational field hockey revealed that an injury prevention intervention was needed, ideally delivered through videos via an application for smartphone/tablet or website. Second, the objective and target groups of the intervention were defined, namely to prevent or reduce the occurrence of lower extremity injuries among both young and adult recreational field hockey players. Third, preventive measures and strategies (e.g. core stability, strength, coordination) were selected in order to accomplish a decrease in injury incidence. Last, the ‘Warming-Up Hockey’ intervention ‘was developed, consisting of a warm-up programme (16 minutes) delivered by coaches including more than 50 unique exercises. The relevancy, satisfaction and usability of ‘Warming-Up Hockey’ were positively evaluated. Group interviews revealed especially that the warm-up programme in its current form was not suitable as a pre-match warm-up.
Conclusions:
The feasibility of ‘Warming-Up Hockey’ was positively assessed by players and coaches. In accordance with the feasibility study, the duration of the intervention was reduced to 12 minutes, while a match-specific warm-up was developed. ‘Warming-Up Hockey’ was made available through an application for smartphone/tablet and a website. Prior to its nationwide implementation, the effectiveness of the intervention on injury reduction among field hockey players should be conducted.
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