JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is prevalent in Saudi Arabia and has a significant negative influence on people's daily functioning and quality of life. Although clinical guidelines highlight exercise as a fundamental management strategy, adherence is still low because of logistical and motivational challenges. Virtual reality (VR)-based physiotherapy has emerged as a potential tool to enhance engagement and compliance, yet its acceptance among Saudi end-users is poorly understood.

Objective:

This study aimed to explore the expectations, needs, concerns, and willingness of Saudi end-users to use VR-based physiotherapy systems as an exercise tool for individuals with knee OA.

Methods:

Six people with knee OA and eight musculoskeletal physiotherapists from the Saudi community and related associations were purposefully recruited as part of a qualitative descriptive approach. Semi-structured online interviews and questionnaires measuring technological familiarity were used to collect data, which were supported by a video showcasing VR physiotherapy applications. The transcriptions of the interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results:

Four major themes emerged: (1) knowledge and impact of knee OA, (2) perceptions of exercise for knee OA, (3) digital health in Saudi Arabia, and (4) perceptions of VR-based physiotherapy. Although participants acknowledged the substantial influence of OA on daily, social, and religious activities, they had a limited awareness of its complexity. Exercise was valued for symptom relief, but adherence was limited by obstacles like pain, lack of motivation, and logistical difficulties. Though issues with privacy, technical support, and technological resistance were observed, both groups showed familiarity with digital health tools and acknowledged their convenience. The majority of participants showed excitement for VR-based physical therapy, emphasising how it can improve engagement, motivation, and care personalisation. Nevertheless, concerns about cost, usability, and therapeutic effect were mentioned.

Conclusions:

Saudi end-users exhibit a generally positive attitude toward VR-based physiotherapy for knee OA, recognising its potential to address key barriers to exercise adherence. However, usability, cost, and digital literacy issues must be addressed for successful implementation.