Previously submitted to: JMIR Mental Health (no longer under consideration since Jan 13, 2025)
Date Submitted: Jan 10, 2025
Open Peer Review Period: Jan 13, 2025 - Jan 13, 2025
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Digital Health Interventions for Mental Health Improvement in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
ABSTRACT
Background:
Mental health issues are common among older adults with mild cognitive impairment. However, despite the growing use of digital health interventions to improve cognitive function, their impact on mental health remains largely underexplored.
Objective:
To evaluate the effectiveness of digital health interventions on mental health outcomes in older adults with mild cognitive impairment, both overall and subgroup-specific effectiveness.
Methods:
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted, with searches in 7 databases from inception to March 2024. The primary outcomes were mental health outcomes. Quality assessment was used the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. Subgroup analysis examined variations based on specific intervention characteristics, with sensitivity and meta-regression analysis exploring other potential sources of heterogeneity.
Results:
A total of 11 studies with 610 participants met the selection criteria. The meta-analysis demonstrated that digital health interventions reduced depressive symptoms (SMD -0.55, 95% CI -0.92 to -0.19) and anxiety symptoms (SMD -0.47, -0.76 to -0.18); however, no significant effect on positive (SMD 0.74, -0.46 to 1.94) and negative affect (SMD -0.23, -0.60 to 0.14). Subgroup analysis indicated that hospital or nursing home settings with non-portable modality were optimal. Furthermore, interventions over 6 weeks, with sessions exceeding 30 minutes and occurring up to 2 per week, were more effective for depressive symptoms.
Conclusions:
This review indicates that digital health interventions hold promise for improving mental health in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Future research should focus on integrating digital therapeutic technologies to develop more comprehensive and effective interventions. Clinical Trial: CRD42024522342
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