JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare service delivery through predictive analytics, precision medicine, and enhanced diagnostics, yet the commodification of health data presents complex ethical and social challenges. This study explores perceptions of health data commodification within AI-driven healthcare systems, focusing on Saudi Arabia's rapidly evolving digital healthcare landscape. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study surveyed and conducted in-depth interviews with 42 patients, 8 healthcare professionals, 3 insurance representatives, and 4 AI experts across themes of data privacy, perceived benefits of AI and perspectives on data commodification. Findings reveal that 61.90% patients view health data as a personal property, while 59.50% feel a lack of control over how their data is used. A deep trust deficit was evident, with 50% expressing low trust in AI systems to protect their privacy, especially among the older cohorts. However, financial incentivization strongly influenced willingness to share data, with 81% agreeing to share data if compensation is provided. Additionally, 64.30% agreed that healthcare providers should sell anonymized data to tech companies, provided safeguards are in place. These insights underscore the need for robust regulatory frameworks prioritizing informed consent, transparency, and ethical governance. The study emphasizes patient-centric policies, equitable compensation models, enhanced training and awareness programmes, and inclusive practices to build trust and ensure responsible AI deployment. By addressing these challenges, policymakers can align innovation with equity, privacy, and ethical healthcare delivery principles.