Previously submitted to: JMIR Mental Health (no longer under consideration since Nov 29, 2024)
Date Submitted: Nov 29, 2024
Open Peer Review Period: Nov 29, 2024 - Nov 29, 2024
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Association between family income and depression: a cross-sectional study
ABSTRACT
Background:
Depression is nowadays a common chronic disease in most societies worldwide that can impair normal functioning, cause depressive thoughts, and adversely affect the quality of life.
Objective:
We aimed to assess the associations between family income and depression based on a national sample from US adults.
Methods:
A total of 3941 participants were included in this study to investigate the relationship between family income and depression from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between family income and depression.
Results:
We found that Poverty Income Ratio (PIR) were negatively associated with depression. Compared with individuals with PIR of 0-1.0, the OR and 95% CI for the association between PIR and depression was 0.94 (0.82-1.10) for those with PIR of 1.0-3.0 and 0.86 (0.72-0.94) for those with PIR more than 3.0, after adjusting for other covariates. And the negative association between PIR and depression is more evident for female, age < 60, and BMI > 30. Compared with individuals with PIR of 0-1.0, the OR and 95% CI for the association between PIR and depression for those with PIR more than 3.0 was 0.83 (0.70-0.91) among female, 0.82 (0.67-0.90) among age < 60, and 0.81 (0.67-0.90) among BMI >30.
Conclusions:
Our findings provide evidence that family income is linked with decreased prevalence of depression, especially for female, age < 60, and BMI > 30. Further large-scale prospective cohort studies are needed to verify our findings.
Citation
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