JMIR Publications

Background:

ChatGPT is an advanced artificial intelligence technology used in medical education and practice. It enhances learning and decision-making by providing instant, accurate information and guidance to students, health care providers, and patients. This technology has the potential to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of medical education and care.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to examine students’ views on the use of ChatGPT for educational purposes in the United Arab Emirates. The specific research question is “How do students perceive the usefulness and impact of ChatGPT in their medical education?”

Methods:

The study used a theoretical framework based on adoption properties, including trialability, observability, compatibility, users’ satisfaction, personal innovativeness, and technology acceptance model constructs. A hybrid analysis method combining deep learning–based structural equation modeling and artificial neural network (ANN) analysis was used. Importance-performance map analysis was applied to assess the impact and performance of various factors.

Results:

The ANN and importance-performance map analysis results indicated that perceived usefulness is a critical predictor of users’ intention to use ChatGPT. Specifically, perceived usefulness showed a significant positive effect on intention, with a standardized coefficient of 0.65 (P<.001).

Conclusions:

This finding is significant as it helps decision makers in the educational sector prioritize efforts based on the relative importance of each factor. The study demonstrates the potential of ANN architecture to provide a deeper understanding of the complex relationships among factors in a theoretical model.