Previously submitted to: Journal of Medical Internet Research (no longer under consideration since Nov 05, 2021)
Date Submitted: Sep 23, 2021
Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.
Perception of work among managers: a cross-sectional study
ABSTRACT
Background:
The Job-Demand-Control-Support model of Karasek is the gold standard to assess perception of work, however this has been poorly studied among managers.
Objective:
We aimed to explore the perception of work (job demand, control and support) in managers, and to quantify their risk of job strain and isostrain.
Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study on workers using the Wittyfit software. Job demand, control, and support were evaluated by self-reported questionnaires, as well as sociodemographic data.
Results:
We included 9257 workers: 8488 employees (median age of 45 years old and median seniority of 10 years, 39.4% of women) and 769 managers (463 with more than 45 years old, 343 with more than 10 years of service, 33.3% of women). Managers had higher levels than employees in job control (79.1±15.9 vs 75.5±17.6) and job support (25.1±5.6 vs 23.9±6.4) (p<0.001). Compared to employees, managers had a 40% decreased risk of job strain (high job demand and low job control) (OR=0.60, 95%CI 0.49 to 0.73), and a 46% decreased risk of isostrain (job strain with low job support) (0.54, 0.42 to 0.71) (p<0.001). Oldest workers (1.32, 1.18 to 1.48, p<0.001) and women (1.12, 1.01 to 1. 24, p=0.03) were at greater risk of job strain. Also, oldest workers (1.77, 1.52 to 2.06), and women (1.15, 1.00 to 1.31) were at greater risk of isostrain, as well as most senior workers (1.25, 1.08 to 1.45).
Conclusions:
Managers seem to have higher autonomy and social support, and therefore are less at risk of job or isostrain than employees. Other factors such as age, seniority and gender may influence this relationship. Clinical Trial: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02596737; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02596737.
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